29 мая 2019
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В должностные инструкции многих работников включается пункт о необходимости выполнения приказов руководителей. Зачастую работодатели рассматривают данное положение как возможность требовать от работника выполнения любых своих распоряжений, которые нередко могут и выходить за рамки прочих должностных обязанностей (постановление Президиума Хабаровского краевого суда от 8 апреля 2019 г. по делу № 4Г-274/2019).
Однако суды чаще всего признают такую практику противоправной. Так, например, президиум Хабаровского краевого суда признал незаконным увольнение регионального менеджера отдела продаж за неоднократное неисполнение трудовых обязанностей. Поводом для увольнения работника послужило неисполнение им распоряжения непосредственного руководителя о предоставлении фотографий реализованных объектов строительства. Работодатель при этом ссылался на пункт должностной инструкции, предусматривающий выполнение работником распоряжений руководителя.
Узнайте последние изменения правового регулирования трудовых отношений и кадрового делопроизводства, пройдя обучение по программе повышения квалификации, и получите диплом установленного образца
Суд же, исследовав материалы дела, пришел к выводу о том, что в обязанности регионального менеджера не входило выполнение фотоснимков объектов и их представление руководителю в виде фотоотчетов. А вышеупомянутый пункт должностной инструкции не может являться основанием для возложения на работника обязанности выполнять поручения, не составляющие его трудовую функцию, определенную его трудовым договором и должностной инструкцией.
Отметим, однако, что оценка правомерности требований работодателя по исполнению его приказов, очевидно, будет зависеть именно от мнения суда по вопросу о том, насколько содержание такого приказа соответствует трудовой функции работника. Так, например, Тамбовский областной суд признал правомерным приказ работодателя о проведении работником фотографирования рабочего дня, хотя такая обязанность и не была прямо упомянута в его должностной инструкции. Суд указал, что по своей сути данная задача представляла собой истребование отчета о проделанной работе, поэтому работник должен был исполнять спорный приказ (апелляционное определение Судебной коллегии по гражданским делам Тамбовского областного суда от 11 июля 2012 г. по делу № 33-1536).
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