Суд не счел сезонное отсутствие работы основанием для простоя

12 октября 2020

Суд не счел сезонное отсутствие работы основанием для простоя
AerialMike / Depositphotos.com

Прокурор обратился в суд в защиту интересов работников котельной, которым работодатель в связи с окончанием отопительного сезона и прекращением эксплуатации сезонных котельных в межотопительный период объявил простой по причинам, не зависящим от воли работодателя. Требуя признать объявление простоя незаконным, прокурор указывал, что простой должен быть обусловлен чрезвычайными обстоятельствами, возникшими внезапно, к числу которых не относится приостановление работы котельной в связи с окончанием отопительного сезона, поскольку такое обстоятельство является ожидаемым и будет повторяться ежегодно, в то время как с работниками заключены бессрочные трудовые договоры и работодатель обязан предоставить работникам возможность исполнять их трудовую функцию.

Суд первой инстанции такие аргументы не убедили. Судьи решили, что у работодателя имелись технологические и экономические причины для объявления простоя, хотя и пришли к выводу о необходимости квалификации такого простоя как возникшего по вине работодателя (Определение Первого КСОЮ от 3 августа 2020 г. по делу № 8Г-16571/2020[88-18046/2020]).

Однако с такой позицией, в свою очередь, не согласились суды апелляционной и кассационной инстанций. Трудовой кодекс характеризует простой как временную приостановку работы по причинам экономического, технологического, технического или организационного характера. В любом случае простой является временным событием и работодатель в силу статей 22, 56 ТК РФ обязан принимать все зависящие от него меры по прекращению простоя и предоставлению работнику возможности фактически исполнять трудовые обязанности, обусловленные трудовым договором. Приостановление работы котельной до наступления следующего отопительного сезона изначально исключает возможность принятия работодателем каких-либо мер по прекращению простоя, в связи с чем отсутствие работы в данном случае не обладало признаками ее временного приостановления. Само по себе извлечение экономии при приостановке деятельности котельной не могло явиться причиной экономического характера для введения простоя. Фактически, по мнению судей, речь в данном случае идет о сезонном характере работы, что в нарушение требований ст. 294 ТК РФ не было отражено в трудовом договоре.

Признав приказ об объявлении простоя незаконным, судьи указали на необходимость оплаты труда работникам по правилам ст. 155 ТК РФ как не выполнявшим трудовые обязанности по вине работодателя, то есть в размере среднего заработка.

Источник: zakonia.ru

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