17 августа 2020
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В конце июля Ассоциация российских банков обратилась в Росреестр с вопросом по проблеме (письма АРБ от 23 июля 2020 г. № А-03/5-318), выявившейся при применении положений Федерального закона от 3 апреля 2020 г. № 106-ФЗ «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон «О Центральном банке Российской Федерации (Банке России)» и отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации в части особенностей изменения условий кредитного договора, договора займа» (далее – Закон № 106-ФЗ), которым предусмотрены условия предоставления заемщикам так называемого льготного периода по заключенным ими кредитным договорам/договорам займа (кредитных каникул).
Представители АРБ указывали следующее.
Что такое кредитные каникулы и как ими воспользоваться? Узнайте из аналитического материала в системе ГАРАНТ. Получите полный доступ на 3 дня бесплатно!
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Положения Закона № 106-ФЗ позволяют заемщикам направлять кредитору требование о предоставлении кредитных каникул посредством телефонной связи. При этом, если речь идет о кредите, обеспеченном ипотекой, кредитор после подтверждения установления льготного периода обязан обеспечить внесение изменений в регистрационную запись об ипотеке, а также в закладную (если права кредитора удостоверены закладной). Комплект документов, необходимых для предоставления в регистрирующий орган, включает в том числе требование заемщика о предоставлении кредитных каникул. Однако банки зачастую сталкиваются с отказами регистрирующего органа в принятии зафиксированного банком на бумажном носителе и заверенного уполномоченным лицом кредитной организации требования, представленного заемщиком по телефону. Территориальные органы Росреестра объясняют эти отказы тем, что такой документ, фиксирующий факт представления заемщиком требования в устной форме и его содержание, невозможно отнести ни к оригиналу требования на бумажном носителе, ни к оригиналу требования, составленного в форме электронного документа.
В АРБ отмечают, что в законодательстве, действительно, содержится (и требует устранения) правовой пробел: не определены форма/порядок предоставления переданного заемщиком по телефонной связи требования в регистрирующий орган для внесения изменений в регистрационную запись об ипотеке/ в документарную закладную. Однако наличие указанного пробела, по мнению авторов письма, не должно приводить к невозможности исполнения норм действующего законодательства, предусматривающих упрощенный механизм предоставления «кредитных каникул». Поэтому представители АРБ попросили Росреестр обратить внимание его территориальных органов на недопустимость подобных отказов.
Однако в Росреестре, рассмотрев данное обращение, отметили (письмо Росреестра от 31 июля 2020 г. № 13-6775-АБ/20), что исходя из требований действующей редакции ст. 23 Закона об ипотеке (в том числе в редакции Закона № 106-ФЗ), внесение изменений в регистрационную запись об ипотеке не может осуществляться на основании требования, направленного посредством средств подвижной радиотелефонной связи с абонентского номера заемщика.
С учетом полученного ответа Ассоциация российских банков уже направила обращение Председателю Комитета по финансовому рынку Госдумы с просьбой оперативно рассмотреть вопрос о внесении в Закон об ипотеке изменений, которые позволили бы устранить указанный правовой пробел в регулировании.
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