28 октября 2019
Елена Самтынова

Wavebreakmedia / Depositphotos.com
Заместитель Председателя Госдумы Ирина Яровая высказала предложение, суть которого направлена на ограничение деятельности «черных коллекторов» по долгам граждан. Парламентарий напомнила, что сегодня уже действуют законодательные ограничения: долг по потребительскому кредиту может быть переуступлен только финансовой организации или официальным коллекторам (ст. 12 Федерального закона от 21 декабря 2013 г. № 353-ФЗ «О потребительском кредите (займе)», далее – Закон № 353-ФЗ). Кроме того, действует запрет на взыскание коллекторами долгов физических лиц по жилищно-коммунальным услугам (ч. 18, ч. 19 ст. 155 Жилищного кодекса РФ).
Вместе с тем, по словам Ирины Яровой, финансовые организации пошли «в обход» действующего Закона № 353-ФЗ и заключают агентские договоры, на основе которых привлекают к работе по выбиванию долгов «черных коллекторов». Запрет заключения таких агентских договоров позволит пресечь возможность «черным коллекторам» работать с долгами россиян, подчеркнула депутат.
Помимо этого, предлагается ограничить общение коллекторов с родственниками, друзьями должников, что сейчас законом допускается (ст. 4 Федерального закона от 3 июля 2016 г. № 230-ФЗ «О защите прав и законных интересов физических лиц при осуществлении деятельности по возврату просроченной задолженности и о внесении изменений в Федеральный закон «О микрофинансовой деятельности и микрофинансовых организациях»).
В случае принятия идеи депутата, коллектор сможет обращаться к коллегам, друзьям должника только при наличии их согласия. Близкие должника смогут отказаться от навязчивого общения по определенной процедуре, например, подписав уведомление через нотариуса или заявление с соответствующей распиской коллектора. По мнению Ирины Яровой, третьи лица необоснованно становятся субъектами претензий, что противоречит принципам гражданских правоотношений, индивидуальной свободы и личной ответственности за принятые решения.
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